SS-31 (15mg)

What is SS-31 (15mg)?

SS-31 (15 mg), also known as elamipretide or MTP-131, is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂. It is used in research to study how mitochondria respond to cellular stress and bioenergetic challenges.

In laboratory research, SS-31 is used to examine mitochondrial responses, particularly in systems where energy production and cell protection mechanisms are disrupted.

Product Specifications

• CAS Number: 736992-21-5
• Synonyms: MTP-131, Elamipretide
• Peptide Sequence: D-Arg-dimethyl-Tyr-Lys-Phe-NH₂
• Molecular Formula: C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅
• Molecular Weight: 639.8 g/mol
• Purity: ≥98% (verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry), lot-specific COA
• Storage Conditions: Store 2–8 °C (≤–20 °C long term). Protect from light.
• Intended Use: For Laboratory Research Use Only

Key Characteristics of SS-31 (15mg)

• Mitochondrial Membrane Targeting: SS-31 is designed to accumulate in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it binds to cardiolipin, a key lipid for mitochondrial function and energy production.
• Mitochondrial Responses Under Stress: SS-31 is frequently used to study mitochondrial responses during bioenergetic stress, including changes in energy production, membrane stability, and oxidative damage.
• Bioenergetics and Stress Models: Preclinical studies examine SS-31 in models of mitochondrial stress, where it helps to track mitochondrial function and responses under challenging conditions.

How SS-31 (15mg) Supports Research

SS-31 (15 mg) is used as a targeted probe to study mitochondrial responses, especially in experiments focused on mitochondrial bioenergetics and membrane function. It is studied for its role in:

• Respiratory performance and energy output
• Membrane stability and supercomplex integrity
• Mitochondrial swelling and stress responses

SS-31 is commonly used in cellular models of bioenergetic stress, providing insights into mitochondrial function and how mitochondrial responses can influence cellular and tissue-level outcomes.

Research Applications & Usage Information

• Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Cardiolipin Biology: Used in isolated mitochondria, cell cultures, and tissue preparations to study cardiolipin binding, respiratory-chain organization, and ATP production under stress conditions.
• Ischemia–Reperfusion and Organ Protection: Applied in ischemia/reperfusion studies to examine mitochondrial protection, ATP recovery, and structural integrity during oxidative stress.
• Mitochondrial Pathway Mapping: Used in proteomic and mitochondrial assays to explore effects on ATP production, ROS signaling, and membrane potential under bioenergetic stress.
• Cellular Models of Bioenergetic Stress: Commonly included in studies examining mitochondrial responses in various stress models, tracking changes in mitochondrial function, structure, and signaling.

Important Note: Study parameters (e.g., concentration, delivery method, frequency, duration, and controls) must be defined by qualified researchers under applicable ethical and regulatory oversight. No clinical dosing or therapeutic guidance is provided or implied.

Handling and Storage Recommendations

• Store the sealed vial at -20 °C, protected from light and moisture.
• Let the vial reach room temperature before opening to reduce condensation.
• Handle using standard lab PPE and good laboratory practices for bioactive peptides.
• If preparing solutions, follow your lab’s validated procedures for solvent selection, labeling, stability controls, and disposal.
• Discard any solutions showing visible changes (e.g., precipitation or discoloration) or exceeding validated stability windows.

Research Use Only Notice

This product is intended for laboratory research use only and is not approved for human or veterinary use. It is not intended for diagnostic, therapeutic, or clinical applications. Any reference to biological activity or potential effects is based solely on preclinical or in‑vitro findings and should not be interpreted as validated clinical outcomes. Researchers are responsible for ensuring proper handling, storage, and disposal in accordance with institutional, federal, and international guidelines.

References

1. PubChem CID 11764719. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Elamipretide
2. Elamipretide: Uses, interactions, mechanism of action. DrugBank. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB11981
3. Birk AV, Liu S, Soong Y, et al. The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24(8):1250-1261. doi:10.1681/ASN.2012121216
4. Tse BC, Dvoriantchikova G, Tao W, et al. Mitochondrial targeted therapy with elamipretide (MTP-131) as an adjunct to tumor necrosis factor inhibition for traumatic optic neuropathy in the acute setting. Exp Eye Res. 2020;199:108178. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108178
5. Brown DA, Hale SL, Baines CP, et al. Reduction of early reperfusion injury with the mitochondria-targeting peptide bendavia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2014;19(1):121-132. doi:10.1177/1074248413508003
6. Li M, Kong D, Meng L, Wang Z, Bai Z, Wu G. Discovery of novel SS-31 (d-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2) derivatives as potent agents to ameliorate inflammation and increase mitochondrial ATP synthesis. RSC Adv. 2024;14(41):29789-29799. Published 2024 Sep 18. doi:10.1039/d4ra05517a